The term “biomarker” is a generic term that encompassesany measurable biological variable that is reflective of thepresence, progression, or therapeutic response to disease.Thus, biomarkers in cardiovascular disease could arguablyinclude clinical measurements such as heart rate, imagingmodalities such as cardiacMRI, or biochemical measurementsof fluid samples such as blood and urine. It is this lattercategory which has received considerable attention in termsof potential clinical application in the early screening, detection,risk stratification, diagnosis, and prognosis of heartdisease.
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