Steal syndrome, secondary to arteriovenous fistulae, requiring intervention occurs in approximately 4% of patients. The ideal treatment improves distal flow, whilst preserving function of the arteriovenous fistula. Steal syndrome secondary to excessive fistula blood flow, rather than distal arterial stenosis, can successfully be treated with banding. Using intra-operative ultrasound to quantify fistula blood flow can decrease the risk of postoperative thrombosis.
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