Electrochemical Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling using peptide bolaamphiphile hydrogel-supported Pd NPs as heterogeneous electrocatalyst

摘要

Electrochemical cross-coupling has arisen as one of the promising greener approaches for the construction of C–C bonds. The substitution of general reagents with electric current enables atom- and cost-effective, environmentally friendly and inherently safe accessibility to novel synthetic protocols. Site selective C–C bond formation is one of the crucial steps in organo-catalysis. Primarily, aryl–aryl bond formation has high importance for the formulation of natural products, drugs, and organic materials. Herein, this work demonstrates a method for the construction of C–C bonds through palladium nanoparticles embedded peptide bolaamphiphile hydrogel (i.e. Pd@hydrogel), which was modified on carbon paper-based electrode material as a heterogeneous electrocatalyst. The developed electrochemical Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling reaction utilizes a carbon paper as anode and cathode in an undivided cell setup with a constant current of 3 mA. Leveraging the power of electrochemical reactions, this approach offers an eco-friendly and synthetic practical protocol for forging C(sp2)–C(sp2) bonds in moderate to excellent chemical yields under green conditions. In addition, this approach does not require harmful and hazardous solvents and challenging work-up. Moreover, the electrode exhibits exceptional stability and reusability and was found to be efficient for up to five consecutive cycles. The Pd@hydrogel was characterized by UV-vis, CD, FT-IR, XRD, XPS, FE-SEM, TEM, and MP-AES analyses.