Issues on Optimizing the Ecological Situation and Vertical Differentiation of Landscapes of the Forest-Steppe Zone of the Chalk South of Central Russian Upland

摘要

The southern region of the forest-steppe zone of the Central Russian The upland is the most-developed region for which the natural and economic specificity is predominantly determined by the absolute and relative altitudes of the land. The presence ofelevated interfluves (up to 250 m or higher) and deeply incised river valleys (up to 100—150 meters) in this area has created prerequisites for the intrazonal vertical differentiation of landscape. As a result, upland landscape areas have been formed with intrinsic structurally genetic, dynamic, and functional features. In turn, changes in the altitudes of flat landscapes have required nature-reorganizational activity in an effort to optimize the ecological situation of the landscape.