Up to date, graphene has been widely used in organic transformationes as a supporting material due to its superior physical and chemical properties as well as being cost-effective. Metal nanocomposite as a catalyst has been studied in the formation of carbon-carbon and carbon-heteroatom bonds formation reactions such as Suzuki, Ullmann, Heck, Sonoga-shira, C-O, C-N, and C-S cross-coupling reactions. The efficient catalysts were characterized by analytical and microscopic techniques and investigated their reusability. The reactions gave the desired products (pharmaceutical intermediate products) an easier path. This review mainly focuses on metal nanoparticles supported by graphene derivatives towards the C-C and C-Y (Y = O, S, N) cross-coupling reactions in liquid phase heterogeneous catalysis.
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机译：迄今为止,石墨烯已广泛应用有机转换作为辅助材料由于其优良的物理和化学属性作为具有成本效益。纳米复合材料作为催化剂进行了研究碳碳的形成杂原子键的形成反应铃木,乌尔曼,见鬼,Sonoga-shira,切断,碳氮,和c交叉耦合反应。催化剂被分析和特征显微技术和他们的调查可重用性。产品(药品中间产品)一个更简单的路径。金属纳米粒子得到石墨烯的支持衍生品对碳碳和bxcy (Y = O S N)交叉耦合反应在液相多相催化。
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