Review: antibiotic prophylaxis may not prevent recurrent symptomatic urinary tract infection in children.

摘要

QUESTION In children [patients] with and without vesicoureteric reflux (VUR); do long-term antibiotics [intervention] prevent urinary tract infection (UTI) [outcome]? REVIEW SCOPE Trials were selected which compared long-term (at least 2 months) antibiotic prophylaxis versus placebo or no treatment, in children < 18 years old. The primary outcome was recurrence of symptomatic UTI. Other outcomes were repeat positive urinary culture, renal scarring and adverse events. REVIEW METHODS MEDLINE, Embase, CENTRAL, the Cochrane Library and reference lists were searched for randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and quasi-RCTs. No language restriction was applied. The quality of studies, assessed by two reviewers, was based on allocation concealment, standardisation and blinding of outcome assessment, intention to treat analysis and losses to follow-up. Eleven RCTs were included.