Indirectly doing harm If one group must be harmed for another to benefit, what are the implications for public health?

摘要

The benefits of medical care and public health interventions, delivered to individuals aVid to groups, are indisputably impressive. Although there is much debate about the magnitude and accessibility of these benefits—and aboutwhetherhealth has improved overthe past century primarily because of advances in medical care, public health measures, orsocioeconomic conditions—it is clearthat a significant amount of the progress has come about through the direct and intended consequences of medical and public health action.