Herpes simplex virus encephalitis after allogeneic transplantation: an instructive case.

摘要

Immune reconstitution is often impaired for months to years in patients undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) and predisposes them to a wide variety of bacterial, viral and fungal infections. Primary herpes simplex virus (HSV) types 1 and 2 infections in immune-competent hosts most often lead to long-term latent infections and can be associated with recurrent reactivations. HSV-1 is responsible for the majority of nonendemic cases of viral encephalitis, accounts for 10-20% of the 20 000 annual viral encephalitis cases in the United States and is the most common cause of fatal sporadic encephalitis.