Study of subsurface features using seismic reflection data in Erbil area, Kurdistan Region, Iraq

摘要

The present study seeks to interpret seismic reflection data for an area measuring approximately about 1,450 km~2 within the Erbil plain in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq to produce subsurface geological pictures. Thirteen seismic lines were identified by the Iraqi Oil Exploration Company using dynamite sources and then processed; then, a seismic line, BH-15, of around 432.5 km total length was used in this study. Three horizons (reflectors) were selected and identified by tying them directly to Demir Dagh well no. 1, these are H1, a reflector that represents the near top of the Lower Fars Formation; H2, a reflector that represents the top of the Pila Spi Formation; and H3, a reflector that represents the top of the Shiranish Formation. The qualities of the reflectors range between fair and good. All the isochrone and depth maps and 3D view pictures of the reflectors show the same main subsurface structural features trending in a NW-SE direction, namely, Erbil trough, Sherawa trough, and the southeastern plunge of the Demir Dagh anticline. Ninetyfive normal and reverse-type faults trending in a NW-SE direction were detected. Also, the maps show that the reflectors tend to increase in dipping and deepening towards the southeastern and eastern parts.