Isolation, Identification, and Antifungal Activity of a Gamair Complex formed by Bacillus subtilis M-22, a Producer of a Biopreparation for Plant Protection from Mycoses and Bacterioses

摘要

A metabolic complex, Gamair, has been isolated from Bacillus subtilis strain M-22, a producer of a biopreparation for plant protection from diseases of various etiologies. Gamair was shown to possess a broad spectrum of activity against phytopathogenic bacteria (including Pseudomonas corrugata, Erwinia carotovora, Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis, and Xantomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria), and fungi (Fusarium, Verticullum, Ascochyta, Colletotrichum, Rhizoctonia, Sclerotinia, Septoria, and other genera). Using NMR and IR spectroscopy, it was shown that the complex of active compounds is a mixture of the following fractions: Gamair A (close to bacillin), and Gamair B-D (mediocin type hexaene-like) antibiotics. The chemical and biological properties of the above fractions were investigated. In field trials using tomato plants, it was demonstrated that the biological efficacy of Gamair against bacterial wilt, stem core necrosis, and vegetable's mild rot reached 70-90%, whereas the harvest increase was 25-35%.