Pre-emptive analgesia in dogs undergoing bone marrow aspiration with piroxicam and/or ketamine (IM) and lidocaine (IV and SC)

摘要

Analgesic, physiological and biochemical effects of intramuscular (IM) piroxicam and ketamine or intravenous (IV) and/or subcutaneous (SC) local lidocaine in dogs undergoing bone marrow aspiration (BMA) is described. Ten minutes before BMA, groups of8 dogs each were pre-medicated IM with 0.3 mg/kg piroxicam, or 4mg/kg ketamine, or 2mg/Kg lidocaine IV. Five minutes before BMA, all dogs were injected 1.5 ml lidocaine (2%) SC at the proximal left femur. Animals were evaluated for analgesia, heart andrespiratory rates, rectal temperature, blood glucose and cortisol, before and, at 0.5, 2, and 3 h after BMA. Postoperative analgesia was assessed by Lascelles scale. Heart rate increased in all dogs before premedication reaching a maximum 0.5h after premedication, but then decreased. Similarly rectal temperatures increased in all dogs by 0.5h. Before BMA, in dogs given piroxicam, heart rate increased compared with other treatments whereas in those given lidocaine IV it decreased. Plasma glucose and cortisol increased in all dogs before premedication until 0.5h after BMA, The increases were greater in those given piroxicam. Piroxicam exhibited no sedative or analgesic effects. Ketamine and lidocaine induced mild sedation and analgesia. In dogs given ketamine, BMA was performed with no pain or visible stress. Findings suggested that pre-operative sub-anesthetic dose of ketamine IM combined with local SC lidocaine provided adequate sedation and pain control for BMA in dogs.