Biodiversity co-benefits of policies to reduce forest-carbon emissions

摘要

Climate change and biodiversity loss are leading environmental crises that converge most critically in tropical forests. Policies for reducing emissions from deforestation and degradation are often portrayed as win-win solutions for forest-based climate change mitigation and biodiversity conservation. However, the win-win narrative has obscured necessary trade-offs and a range of alternative policy approaches, insulating policymakers from difficult, potentially unpopular decisions. We provide a typology that characterizes the five underlying policy approaches for linking forest-based climate change mitigation and biodiversity conservation and their related trade-offs. Such clarification will enable policymakers and stakeholders to better articulatetheir positions in the protracted and controversial biodiversity co-benefits debate that is at the centre of contemporary conservation efforts.