Effect of length and developmental stage of spike on the induction and differentiation efficiency of callus tissue in winter wheat. Evidence for generative development of regenerated plants

摘要

Spike segments of wheat cv. Grana of different developmental stages were cultured. Callus was initiated from whole young spikes (pairs of spikelets with a part of the rachis), single spikelets, rachides of middle stage spikes, and individual flowerswithin spikelets excised from the oldest spikes. Morphogenic callus, capable of regenerating new plants, was obtained from segments derived from spikes at an early stage of organogenesis (2-10 mm in length) and distal flowers (3rd and 4th order) withinspikelets of the most advanced spikes (41-50 mm in length). Explants derived from spikes at the middle stage of organogenesis (11-40 mm in length) were not able to regenerate new plants. No regeneration was obtained from rachides and glumes. All the plantlets obtained reached heading without additional vernalization, were fertile and produced normal grains. These results indicate that callus transferred the physiological state of the mother tissue.