Recent Advances in Breeding and Seed Production of Groupers in Indonesia

摘要

Indonesia's grouper hatcheries grew rapidly from the late 1990s. The initial success was achieved in 1999 with the breeding of humpback groupers Cromileptes altivelis (Sugama et al. 1999). followed by tiger grouper Epinephelus fuscoguttatus, and flowery grouper E. polyphekadion(2001), estuarine grouper E. coioides, coral grouper E. corallicola, potato grouper E. tukula (2005), giant grouper E. lanceolatus (2008), coral trout Pletropomus leopardus, blacksaddled coral grouper Plectrophomus laevis (2010) and also grouper hybrids, such as male E. laneeolatus x female E.fuscoguttatus and female E.fuscoguttatus x male flowery grouper E. polyphekadion (2012) (Sugama et al. 2012).