Erythropoiesis-stimulating agents in the treatment of anaemia in cancer patients: ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines for use.

摘要

Anaemia is defined as a reduction of the haemoglobin (Hb) concentration, red-ceE count or packed cell volume below normal levels. Mild anaemia is defined as an Hb of < =11.9 g/dl and >=10 g/dl, moderate anaemia as an Hb of < =9.9 and >=8.0 g/dl and severe anaemia as an Hb of < 8.0 g/dl. Causes of anaemia in cancer patients might be patient- (e.g. haemoglobinopathies, thalassaemia, diminished nutritional status with deficiencies); disease- (bone marrow infiltration, bleeding, hypersplenism, haemolysis, anaemia of chronic disease) or treatment-related (extensive radiotherapy; bone marrow and renal toxicity secondary to chemotherapy; or drug-induced haemolysis).