Transmission characteristics of Spiroplasma citri and its effect on leafhopper vectors from the Circulifer tenellus complex.

摘要

Several leafhopper variants of the C. tenellus complex were collected in "citrus stubborn" affected areas in Israel. Two of these variants transmitted S. citri to Matthiola incana after being injected with the disease agent. The variant from Atriplex halimus was designated C. tenellus-A (CTA) and the variant from Portulaca oleracea was designated C. tenellus-P (CTP). Transmission characteristics were determined for both leafhoppers. A high rate of transmission (43.3%) was obtained by single CTA leafhoppers that were injected with the Amiad S. citri isolate from the Upper Galilee, compared with 7% transmission obtained with the CTP leafhoppers. The Gilgal S. citri isolate from the Jordan Valley, was not transmitted by either. Injection was more effective than acquisition access feeding to render the leafhopper infective for both CTA and CTP. The minimum acquisition access period (AAP) needed for the CTA variant to transmit the Amiad isolate was 1 h. Longer AAPs did not necessarily result in a higher rate of transmission. The minimum incubation period was 6 days and the maximum was 32 days. The LP50 calculated from the logarithmic curve y=45.74Ln(x)-53.68 was 9.64 days. The minimum inoculation access period (IAP) was 1 h. The same transmission parameters for the CTP variant could not be determined, as no transmission was obtained even when groups of 5-6 insects were placed on a single plant.