Which way do you lean? Using slope aspect variations to understand Critical Zone processes and feedbacks

Pelletier Jon D.; Barron‐Gafford Greg A.; Gutiérrez‐Jurado Hugo; Hinckley Eve‐Lyn S.; Istanbulluoglu Erkan; McGuire Luke A.; Niu Guo‐Yue; Poulos Michael J.; Rasmussen Craig; Richardson Paul; Swetnam Tyson L.; Tucker Greg E.

摘要

Abstract >Soil‐mantled pole‐facing hillslopes on Earth tend to be steeper, wetter, and have more vegetation cover compared with adjacent equator‐facing hillslopes. These and other slope aspect controls are often the consequence of feedbacks among hydrologic, ecologic, pedogenic, and geomorphic processes triggered by spatial variations in mean annual insolation. In this paper we review the state of knowledge on slope aspect controls of Critical Zone (CZ) processes using the latitudinal and elevational dependence of topographic asymmetry as a motivating observation. At relatively low latitudes and elevations, pole‐facing hillslopes tend to be steeper. At higher latitudes and elevations this pattern reverses. We reproduce this pattern using an empirical model based on parsimonious functions of latitude, an aridity index, mean‐annual temperature, and slope gradient. Using this empirical model and the literature as guides, we present a conceptual model for the slope‐aspect‐driven CZ feedbacks that generate asymmetry in water‐limited and temperature‐limited end‐member cases. In this conceptual model the dominant factor driving slope aspect differences at relatively low latitudes and elevations is the difference in mean‐annual soil moisture. The dominant factor at higher latitudes and elevations is temperature limitation on vegetation growth. In water‐limited cases, we propose that higher mean‐annual soil moisture on pole‐facing hillslopes drives higher soil production rates, higher water storage potential, more vegetation cover, faster dust deposition, and lower erosional efficiency in a positive feedback. At higher latitudes and elevations, pole‐facing hillslopes tend to have less vegetation cover, greater erosional efficiency, and gentler slopes, thus reversing the pattern of asymmetry found at lower latitudes and elevations. Our c </span> <span class="z_kbtn z_kbtnclass hoverxs" style="display: none;">展开▼</span> </div> <div class="translation abstracttxt"> <span class="zhankaihshouqi fivelineshidden" id="abstract"> <span>机译：</span>None </span> <span class="z_kbtn z_kbtnclass hoverxs" style="display: none;">展开▼</span> </div> </div> <div class="record"> <h2 class="all_title" id="enpatent33" >著录项</h2> <ul> <li> <span class="lefttit">来源</span> <div style="width: 86%;vertical-align: text-top;display: inline-block;"> <a href='/journal-foreign-22319/'>《Earth Surface Processes and Landforms: The journal of the British Geomorphological Research Group》</a> <b style="margin: 0 2px;">|</b><span>2018年第5期</span><b style="margin: 0 2px;">|</b><span>共22页</span> </div> </li> <li> <div class="author"> <span class="lefttit">作者</span> <p id="fAuthorthree" class="threelineshidden zhankaihshouqi"> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Pelletier Jon D.&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">Pelletier Jon D.;</a> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Barron‐Gafford Greg A.&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">Barron‐Gafford Greg A.;</a> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Gutiérrez‐Jurado Hugo&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">Gutiérrez‐Jurado Hugo;</a> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Hinckley Eve‐Lyn S.&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">Hinckley Eve‐Lyn S.;</a> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Istanbulluoglu Erkan&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">Istanbulluoglu Erkan;</a> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=McGuire Luke A.&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">McGuire Luke A.;</a> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Niu Guo‐Yue&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">Niu Guo‐Yue;</a> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Poulos Michael J.&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">Poulos Michael J.;</a> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Rasmussen Craig&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">Rasmussen Craig;</a> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Richardson Paul&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">Richardson Paul;</a> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Swetnam Tyson L.&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">Swetnam Tyson L.;</a> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Tucker Greg E.&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">Tucker Greg E.;</a> </p> <span class="z_kbtnclass z_kbtnclassall hoverxs" id="zkzz" style="display: none;">展开▼</span> </div> </li> <li> <div style="display: flex;"> <span class="lefttit">作者单位</span> <div style="position: relative;margin-left: 3px;max-width: 639px;"> <div class="threelineshidden zhankaihshouqi" id="fOrgthree"> <p>Department of GeosciencesThe University of ArizonaTucson Arizona USA;</p> <p>School of Geography and DevelopmentThe University of ArizonaTucson Arizona USA;</p> <p>Department of Geological SciencesThe University of Texas at El PasoEl Paso Texas USA;</p> <p>Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research and Environmental Studies ProgramUniversity of ColoradoBoulder Colorado USA;</p> <p>Department of Civil and Environmental EngineeringUniversity of WashingtonWashington USA;</p> <p>Department of GeosciencesThe University of ArizonaTucson Arizona USA;</p> <p>Department of Hydrology and Atmospheric SciencesThe University of ArizonaTucson Arizona USA;</p> <p>Department of GeosciencesBoise State UniversityBoise Idaho USA;</p> <p>Department of Soil Water and Environmental SciencesUniversity of ArizonaTucson Arizona USA;</p> <p>Department of Earth Sciences1272 University of OregonEugene Oregon USA;</p> <p>BIO5 InstituteThe University of ArizonaTucson Arizona USA;</p> <p>Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES) and Department of Geological Sciences 2200 Colorado AveUniversity of ColoradoBoulder Colorado USA;</p> </div> <span class="z_kbtnclass z_kbtnclassall hoverxs" id="zhdw" style="display: none;">展开▼</span> </div> </div> </li> <li > <span class="lefttit">收录信息</span> <span style="width: 86%;vertical-align: text-top;display: inline-block;"></span> </li> <li> <span class="lefttit">原文格式</span> <span>PDF</span> </li> <li> <span class="lefttit">正文语种</span> <span>eng</span> </li> <li> <span class="lefttit">中图分类</span> <span><a href="https://www.zhangqiaokeyan.com/clc/163.html" title="地球物理学">地球物理学;</a></span> </li> <li class="antistop"> <span class="lefttit">关键词</span> <p style="width: 86%;vertical-align: text-top;"> <a style="color: #3E7FEB;" href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=insolation&option=203" rel="nofollow">insolation;</a> <a style="color: #3E7FEB;" href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=slope aspect&option=203" rel="nofollow">slope aspect;</a> <a style="color: #3E7FEB;" href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=hillslope asymmetry&option=203" rel="nofollow">hillslope asymmetry;</a> <a style="color: #3E7FEB;" href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=feedbacks&option=203" rel="nofollow">feedbacks;</a> <a style="color: #3E7FEB;" href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Critical Zone&option=203" rel="nofollow">Critical Zone;</a> </p> <div class="translation"> 机译：呈现;斜坡方面;山坡不对称;反馈;关键区域; </div> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="literature cardcommon"> <div class="similarity "> <h3 class="all_title" id="enpatent66">相似文献</h3> <div class="similaritytab clearfix"> <ul> <li class="active" >外文文献</li> <li >中文文献</li> <li >专利</li> </ul> </div> <div class="similarity_details"> <ul > <li> <div> <b>1. </b><a class="enjiyixqcontent" href="/academic-journal-cn_journal-geographical-sciences_thesis/0201252865884.html">Slope spectrum critical area and its spatial variation in the Loess Plateau of China</a> 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Foster,</a> <span>-1</span> </span> </div> <p class="zwjiyix translation" style="max-width: initial;height: auto;word-break: break-all;white-space: initial;text-overflow: initial;overflow: initial;"> <span>机译：西澳大利亚州雅芳河临界区天文台的土壤盐分和pH值沿着红壤坡带驱动土壤细菌群落组成和多样性</span> </p> </li> <li> <div> <b>12. </b><a class="enjiyixqcontent" href="/open-access_resources_thesis/0100048786014.html">Variation in Critical Zone Processes and Architecture across Slope Aspects</a> <b>[O] </b> . <span> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Anderson Suzanne Prestrud&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="tuijian_auth tuijian_authcolor">Anderson Suzanne Prestrud,</a> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Hinckley Eve-Lyn&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="tuijian_auth tuijian_authcolor">Hinckley Eve-Lyn,</a> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Kelly Patrick&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="tuijian_auth tuijian_authcolor">Kelly Patrick,</a> <span>2014</span> </span> </div> <p class="zwjiyix translation" style="max-width: initial;height: auto;word-break: break-all;white-space: initial;text-overflow: initial;overflow: initial;"> <span>机译：临界区域过程和体系结构在坡度方面的变化</span> </p> </li> <li> <div> <b>13. </b><a class="enjiyixqcontent" href="/ntis-science-report_ad_thesis/020711184081.html">Effects of Slope and Aspect Variations on Satellite Surface TemperatureRetrievals and Mesoscale Analysis in Mountainous Terrain</a> <b>[R] </b> . <span> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Lipton, A. E.&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="tuijian_auth tuijian_authcolor">Lipton, A. E. </a> <span>1992</span> </span> </div> <p class="zwjiyix translation" style="max-width: initial;height: auto;word-break: break-all;white-space: initial;text-overflow: initial;overflow: initial;"> <span>机译：坡度和坡向变化对山地地形卫星地表温度反演和中尺度分析的影响</span> </p> </li> </ul> <ul style="display: none;"> <li> <div> <b>1. </b><a class="enjiyixqcontent" href="/academic-degree-domestic_mphd_thesis/020315094514.html">Planning Method of Construction Management Combining Critical Path Method and Lean Construction</a> <b>[A] </b> <span> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=安力克&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="tuijian_auth tuijian_authcolor"> . 安力克</a> <span> . 2016</span> </span> </div> </li> </ul> <ul style="display: none;"> <li> <div> <b>1. </b><a class="enjiyixqcontent" href="/patent-detail/06130424209320.html">Lean-to for covering parking area of e.g. car, has connection unit arranged at top part of monoblock reversed arch of base forming element to allow variation of slope of plane rigid roof frame with respect to horizontal plane</a> <b>[P]</b> . <span> 外国专利：  FR2947583A1 </span> <span> . 2011-01-07</span> </div> <p class="zwjiyix translation" style="max-width: initial;height: auto;word-break: break-all;white-space: initial;text-overflow: initial;overflow: initial;"> <span>机译：倾向于覆盖停车场等轿厢，具有连接单元，该连接单元布置在基座形成元件的整体式倒拱的顶部，以允许平面刚性车顶框架相对于水平面的倾斜度变化 </span> </p> </li> <li> <div> <b>2. </b><a class="enjiyixqcontent" href="/patent-detail/06130443048888.html">Feedback control of strip time to reduce post-strip critical dimension variation of transistor gate electrode</a> <b>[P]</b> . <span> 外国专利：  JP2004503104A </span> <span> . 2004-01-29</span> </div> <p class="zwjiyix translation" style="max-width: initial;height: auto;word-break: break-all;white-space: initial;text-overflow: initial;overflow: initial;"> <span>机译：剥离时间的反馈控制，以减少晶体管栅电极的剥离后临界尺寸变化 </span> </p> </li> <li> <div> <b>3. </b><a class="enjiyixqcontent" href="/patent-detail/06130444010509.html">FEEDBACK CONTROL OF STRIP TIME TO REDUCE POST STRIP CRITICAL DIMENSION VARIATION IN A TRANSISTOR GATE ELECTRODE</a> <b>[P]</b> . <span> 外国专利：  EP1303874A2 </span> <span> . 2003-04-23</span> </div> <p class="zwjiyix translation" style="max-width: initial;height: auto;word-break: break-all;white-space: initial;text-overflow: initial;overflow: initial;"> <span>机译：带电时间的反馈控制，以减少晶体管栅电极中带后临界尺寸的变化 </span> </p> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="theme cardcommon" style="overflow: auto;display:none"> <h3 class="all_title" id="enpatent55">相关主题</h3> <ul id="subject"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="right rightcon"> <div class="details_img cardcommon clearfix" style="margin-bottom: 10px;display:none;" > </div> </div> </div> <div id="thesis_get_original1" class="downloadBth" style="bottom: 19px;z-index: 999;" onclick="ywcd('0704028655555','4',7,2,1,'',this,24)" class="delivery" prompt="010401" title="通过人工服务将文献原文发送至邮箱" >获取原文</div> <div 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