Wet and dry extremes in Quito (Ecuador) since the 17th century

Domínguez‐Castro F.; García‐Herrera R.; Vicente‐Serrano S. M.

摘要

ABSTRACT > Wet and dry extremes in Quito (Ecuador) over the last 400 years are studied using two sources of information: the longest available instrumental rainfall series in northern South America (1891–2015) and the rogation ceremonies recorded in the Chapter Acts of Quito (1600–1822). The rogation ceremonies present a seasonal distribution that is related to the crops and to the typical distribution of rainfall over the year. August was the month with most <fi>pro serenitate</fi> rogations because farmers needed dry conditions for harvest, whereas excess rainfall at this time would lead to rotting and loss of the harvest. The <fi>pro pluvia</fi> rogations were markedly more frequent during January and February when farmers needed rain for sowing. This relationship between climate and farming activities makes Quito's rogations a good proxy for drought and extreme wet conditions during January–February–March (JFM) and wet conditions during June–July–August (JJA). Standardized precipitation index (SPI) was computed for the instrumental period. The 3‐month SPI showed a significant linear trend over the last 125 years (?0.4 per decade, <fi>p</fi> = 0.009). The five wettest periods were 1651–1657, 1663–1669, 1913–1919, 1950–1956, and 1981–1985. Droughts have intensified in frequency and length since the middle of the 20th century. The most important drought periods were 1692–1701, 1718–1723, 1976–1980, 1990–1993, and 2001–2006. The severest drought during the last 400 years occurred in 1692–1701 when a great famine devastated Quito and affected most of the central Andes. </abstract> </span> <span class="z_kbtn z_kbtnclass hoverxs" style="display: none;">展开▼</span> </div> <div class="translation abstracttxt"> <span class="zhankaihshouqi fivelineshidden" id="abstract"> <span>机译：</span>None </span> <span class="z_kbtn z_kbtnclass hoverxs" style="display: none;">展开▼</span> </div> </div> <div class="record"> <h2 class="all_title" id="enpatent33" > 著录项</h2> <ul> <li> <span class="lefttit">来源</span> <div style="width: 86%;vertical-align: text-top;display: inline-block;"> <a href='/journal-foreign-21026/'>《International Journal of Climatology: A Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society 》</a> <b style="margin: 0 2px;">|</b><span>2018年第4期</span><b style="margin: 0 2px;">|</b> <span>共9页</span> </div> </li> <li> <div class="author"> <span class="lefttit">作者</span> <p id="fAuthorthree" class="threelineshidden zhankaihshouqi"> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Domínguez‐Castro F.&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">Domínguez‐Castro F.;</a> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=García‐Herrera R.&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">García‐Herrera R.;</a> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Vicente‐Serrano S. M.&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">Vicente‐Serrano S. M.;</a> </p> <span class="z_kbtnclass z_kbtnclassall hoverxs" id="zkzz" style="display: none;">展开▼</span> </div> </li> <li> <div style="display: flex;"> <span class="lefttit">作者单位</span> <div style="position: relative;margin-left: 3px;max-width: 639px;"> <div class="threelineshidden zhankaihshouqi" id="fOrgthree"> <p>Instituto Pirenaico de EcologíaConsejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IPE‐CSIC)Zaragoza Spain;</p> <p>Departamento de Física de la Tierra IIUniversidad Complutense de MadridSpain;</p> <p>Instituto Pirenaico de EcologíaConsejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IPE‐CSIC)Zaragoza Spain;</p> </div> <span class="z_kbtnclass z_kbtnclassall hoverxs" id="zhdw" style="display: none;">展开▼</span> </div> </div> </li> <li> <span class="lefttit">收录信息</span> <span style="width: 86%;vertical-align: text-top;display: inline-block;"></span> </li> <li> <span class="lefttit">原文格式</span> <span>PDF</span> </li> <li> <span class="lefttit">正文语种</span> <span>eng</span> </li> <li> <span class="lefttit">中图分类</span> <span> <a href="https://www.zhangqiaokeyan.com/clc/1232.html" title="气候学">气候学 ;</a></span> </li> <li class="antistop"> <span class="lefttit">关键词</span> <p style="width: 86%;vertical-align: text-top;"> <a style="color: #3E7FEB;" href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=rogation ceremonies&option=203" rel="nofollow">rogation ceremonies;</a> <a style="color: #3E7FEB;" href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=SPI&option=203" rel="nofollow">SPI;</a> <a style="color: #3E7FEB;" href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=droughts&option=203" rel="nofollow">droughts;</a> <a style="color: #3E7FEB;" href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=documentary sources&option=203" rel="nofollow">documentary sources;</a> <a style="color: #3E7FEB;" href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Quito&option=203" rel="nofollow">Quito;</a> <a style="color: #3E7FEB;" href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=equatorial Andes&option=203" rel="nofollow">equatorial Andes;</a> </p> <div class="translation"> 机译：腐烂的仪式;spi;干旱;纪录片来源;基多;赤道andes; 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href="/patent-detail/06130414341025.html">Drying machine for drying of wet objects with circulation of drying medium and method for protecting heat pump of drying machine for drying of wet objects against overheating</a> <b>[P]</b> . <span> 外国专利：  EP2910882A1 </span> <span> . 2015-08-26</span> </div> <p class="zwjiyix translation" style="max-width: initial;height: auto;word-break: break-all;white-space: initial;text-overflow: initial;overflow: initial;"> <span>机译：用于通过干燥介质的循环来干燥湿物体的干燥机以及用于保护用于干燥湿物体的干燥机的热泵免于过热的方法 </span> </p> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="theme cardcommon" style="overflow: auto;display:none"> <h3 class="all_title" id="enpatent55">相关主题</h3> <ul id="subject"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="right rightcon"> <div class="details_img cardcommon clearfix" style="margin-bottom: 10px;display:none;" > </div> </div> </div> <div id="thesis_get_original1" class="downloadBth" style="bottom: 19px;z-index: 999;" 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