Therapeutic effect of Nigella sativa oil and ciprofloxacin against bacterial infection based on interleukin 1 beta expression and kidney histopathological alterations in Oreochromis niloticus

摘要

The study evaluated the effect of Nigella sativa oil (NSO) and ciprofloxacin (CFX) on Oreochromis niloticus infected with Aeromonas hydrophila and Pseudomonas fluorescens through kidney function, histopathological changes of kidney and relative expression of interleukin 1 beta (IL-1 beta) in fish organs. The studied fish were divided into four groups based on supplemented diets; each group was divided into three subgroups based on the type of the infection. The results showed increased levels of urea in all infected A. hydrophila and P. fluorescens groups while serum creatinine levels decreased in treated infected subgroups compared to controls. NSO and CFX treatments led to less histological damages in the kidney of infected groups despite the derangement of serum urea and creatinine levels. The up-regulation of IL-1 beta expression was varied based on the type of bacterial infection. After the bacterial infection, NSO led to down-regulation of IL-1 beta expression except in the kidney and gill in P. fluorescens infected subgroups while CFX led to up-regulation of IL-1 beta expression in most studied organs. A positive correlation was observed between serum urea levels and IL-1 beta expression levels in the kidney, gill and liver while a negative correlation was observed between serum creatinine values and IL-1 beta expression levels in the kidney and muscle. All the studied treatment modalities are effective in augmenting immune response and control of infections.