Diagnosis, Management, and Percutaneous Sampling of Nipple-Areolar Calcifications: How Radiologists Can Help Patients Avoid the Operating Room

摘要

OBJECTIVE. Both benign and malignant causes of calcifications in the nipple-areolar complex exist. BI-RADS terminology applies to the description and classification of nipple-areolar calcifications in the same way it does to calcifications elsewhere in the breast. Minimally invasive sampling can be performed safely and accurately with ultrasound-guided techniques, with a few technical modifications.