Effectiveness of Pingers on the Harbour Porpoise Phocoena phocoena relicta Abel, 1905 (Cetacea: Phocoenidae) in Turkey as Revealed by Shore-based Observations

摘要

The aim of the present study was to assess the effectiveness of pinger devices on the Black-Sea harbour porpoises Phocoena phocoena relicta. The study was carried out in Sinop, Turkey. between 16 July and 22 October 2016. A buoy without a pinger device was placed and observations were carried out during 26 days (53.2 hour) throughout the control period. Subsequently. a pinger was placed on the buoy and 28 days (58 hour) of experiment period was performed. During the study, the average distances, closest observed approaches (COA) and frequency of porpoise sightings in the zone of vulnerability. a 100 m buffer around the buoy, have been calculated and compared between the two periods. According to this. the average distance increased from 775.35 +/- 38.96 m during the control period to 1536.05 +/- 81.33 m during the experiment period (p<0.05). Distances of COA were calculated for control and experiment periods, respectively, 443.86 +/- 94.18 m and 724.34 +/- 98.89 m. Porpoises entered the zone of vulnerability significantly more frequently during the experiment period as compared to the control period (p<0.05). Pingers used in the study were found to be effective on keeping porpoises away from the area. However. a possible habituation effect can be revealed depending on the long-term use of these devices.