IN VITRO MUTAGENESIS AND SELECTION OF POTATO MUTANTS RESISTANCE TO FUSARIUM DRY ROOT(FUSARIUM A VENACEUM)

摘要

There are many diseases and pests in potato that cause loss of quality and yield. Fusarium dry root is caused by Fusarium avenaceum (teleomorph: Gibberella avenacea) and is one of the most important fungal storage rots affecting potato. Currently it is not possible to completely control Fusarium dry root disease, because it is initiated by seedborne or soilborne inoculum and inoculum of Fusarium dry root is mainly transmitted via infected seed tubers. Crop rotation, using resistant varieties, and minimizing soil compaction are used to manage disease, but, it is faced with major problems in the event of applications. Today, as well as plants with radiation or mutagenic chemicals application development methods with classical breeding disease-resistant varieties with new varieties resistant to disease development has gained importance. In this study, the effect of the chemical mutagen Ethyl Methanesulfonate (EMS) against Fusarium avenaceum on the potato tissues susceptible Alanso potato was investigated. Alanson potatoes were cultured in vitro and, plantlets were treated with different concentrations EMS (20, 50, 75, 100 mM) for 0, 10, 20 minutes followed by rinsing with sterile distilled water for four times. Mutants plants were subcultured four times. After the rooted plants grew for further 2 weeks, disc of Fusarium avenaceum were transferred to the vessel for selection. The plants regenerated without treated by EMS were used as controls. In in vitro experiments, leaf size and plant root numberhave been determined and compared with the control group. Data were analyzed using SPSS 16 with Tukey multiple comparison. Results showed that, there was a significant difference between the EMS concentration (P < 0.05). For the most effective level of EMS for disease resistance was 20 mM EMS, 20 min (22% vitality plant). The highest mortality rate was observed at 96 % in plants treated with 100 mM EMS, 20 min. No statistically significant difference was observed in plant lengths of all applications. Plants showed normal development as a result of mutation application. In addition, Alanso produced a different response with addition of EMS concentration, and different levels of resistance were observed in the Alanso potato variety.