Central and peripheral pain intervention by Ophiorrhiza rugosa leaves: Potential underlying mechanisms and insight into the role of pain modulators

摘要

Ethnopharmacological relevance: Ophiorrhiza rugosa var. prostrata is a traditional medicinal plant used by the indigenous and local tribes (Chakma, Marma and Tanchangya) of Bangladesh for the management of chest pain, body ache, and earache. However, the knowledge of anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory potentials of this plant is scarce.