Principles of integration of the agriculture and pleasure greeneries in Persian gardens

摘要

This paper studies the historical gardens of Iran to discover and introduce the principles of integrating the fruitful and ornamental plant elements within the design of the historical green spaces. The aim, in addition to a deeper understanding of the historical patterns of landscape architecture, is to introduce indigenous and local principles to current landscape architects and environmental designers for considering in the design of an urban agriculture landscape. According to this study that isbased both on library studies and field surveys of Persian gardens, the main landscape architectural principles of integrating the decorative and productive elements are recognized. In fact, the Persian version of edible landscaping considers the physical-spatial-visual arrangement of the productive and ornamental elements together. The Persian garden landscape architectural principles of integration include the: principle of separation (the separation between the productive space and recreational zonewhich means the decorative landscaping and agricultural greenery should be physically separated from each other), principle of composition (the visual-aesthetic combination of the two types of plant systems in the eye of the spectator, and emphasizes theintegrative identity of the garden), principle of continuity (tells the two previous principles should be continued in the longitude and latitude of the space and their application should not be limited to some spots), and principle of access management(which takes into consideration that there are some access strategies to the agricultural fields and fruits).