Phenological description of three Mexican new cultivars of strawberry [Fragariaxananassa Duch.) in vegetative propagation grown on volcanic gravel

摘要

Phenological description is obligated during the evaluation of any cultivar before it is introduced into a new cropping system. In this study, three strawberry cultivars recently released in central Mexico were evaluated under a high tunnel in 2015 and 2016 in order to describe their phenological behavior during vegetative propagation either on soil or on soilless culture. Cultivars 'CP-06-15', 'Jacona' and 'Zamorana' were compared in a split-plot design; the commercial cultivar 'Albion' was used asa reference in 2016. In general, cultivars behaved similar with 799-870 and 623-627 growing degree days (GDD) needed to begin the stolon emission in 2015 and 2016, respectively; also, 1315-1334 and 792-883 GDD were needed to begin the sprout formation in2015 and 2016, respectively. Stolon emission period was 63-70 and 71-80 days long in 2015 and 2016, respectively, while sprout formation lasted 60-65 and 40-48 days in 2015 and 2016, respectively. Regarding cropping systems, soilless cropping by hydroponics in volcanic gravel advanced stolon emission only in 2015 comparing with soil cropping (803 vs. 874 GDD; p=0.002) but not in 2016 (625 GDD for any cropping system). Sprout emission was delayed by the soilless cropping comparing to soil cropping in both years (1365 vs. 1272 GDD, p=0.001 in 2015; 884 vs. 804 GDD, p=0.041 in 2016). Sprouting period length was not affected by the cropping system and the stolon formation period was longer in soilless than in soil during 2015 (71 vs. 63 days; p=0.011) although this relation got inverted in 2016 (63 vs. 86 days; p=0.002). As a conclusion, strawberry Mexican cultivars 'CP-06-15', 'Jacona', 'Zamorana' and the commercial 'Albion' behave similar regarding phenology of stolon and sprout formation; also, soilless cropping by hydroponics in volcanic gravel may retard the sprout emission comparing with the soil cropping.