In the late 1980's, the shortage in the supply ofzircon raw materials was a turning point for the Japanesemonolithic ladles. After the development of alumina-spinel andalumina-magnesia magnesia castable is used on the majoritybecause of its stability due to its stability due to its resistance toslag corrosion, slag penetration and cracking. And now, thetechnology of the castable ladle lining is close to completion inJapan except at the slag line area.
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