Ghrelin, an endogenous growth hormone secretagogue with diverse endocrine and nonendocrine effects

摘要

Circulating ghrelin, the natural ligand of GHS-R la, is synthesized primarily in the stomach in mammals. The distribution of these receptors is consistent with the role of ghrelin in promoting secretion of GH; receptors are highly expressed in the hypothalamus and pituitary gland and are also distributed in other central and peripheral tissue sites. In addition to strong GH-releasing activity, ghrelin has other actions, including stimulation of lactotroph and corticotroph function, stimulation of appetite, regulation of energy homeostasis, stimulation of gastric motility and gastric acid secretion, regulation of insulin secretion and glucose metabolism, cardiovascular effects, and antiproliferative activity. These properties make ghrelin a candidate for future diagnostic and clinical applications.