The world map of soil-forming and underlying rocks, its genetic and geomorphologic analysis, and the regularities of soil formation

摘要

The new map of the petrographic-mineralogical classes of the main paragenetic groups of soil-forming Quaternary deposits is disbussed. The genetic specifics of minerals in soil-forming rocks occurring both in platform (plain) and geosyncline (mountain) continental areas are revealed. The actual proportions between the initially endogenic and exogenic minerals are found in rocks and soils. The hypergene-pedogenic origin of weathering crusts is proved. Similar to humus, soil minerals are shown to contain both inherited and newly formed components indicating the correlation between soil formation and lithogenesis. It is pointed out that more attention should be paid to rock in terms of lithosphere plate tectonics.