Mass Vaccination to Control Epidemic and Endemic Typhoid Fever

摘要

Typhoid fever is a generalized infection of the reticuloendothelial system (spleen, liver, bone marrow), gut-associated lymphoid tissue and gall bladder caused by the highly human host restricted pathogen Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (S. Typhi). The propensity with which this pathogen causes disease in populations is closely correlated with the adequacy of sanitation and availability of protected drinking water. School age children (5-19 years of age) and young adults bear the brunt of the clinical disease burden in endemic areas in developing countries. Typhoid fever also constitutes a risk for travelers from industrialized countries who visit developing countries where typhoid is endemic or epidemic (Steinberg et al. 2004).