Flame Preparation of Visible-Light-Responsive BiVO4 Oxygen Evolution Photocatalysts with Subsequent Activation via Aqueous Route

摘要

Visible-light-active BiVO4 photocatalyst prepared by a one-step flame spray pyrolysis demonstrates the structural evolution from amorphous to crystalline scheelite-tetragonal and further to scheelite-monoclinic (the photocatalytic active phase). Up to 95% scheelite-monoclinic content, the rest being scheelite-tetragonal, can be achieved in situ by exposing the collection filter to higher flame temperature. Reasonable activity in terms of photocatalytic O2 evolution was obtained with the increase in crystallinity and scheelite-monoclinic content. Although analogous postcalcination of BiVO4 improves crystallization and phase transformation, it inevitably induces vacancy defects that are detrimental to the photocatalytic activity. Hence a facile aqueous acid treatment on the flame-made BiVO4 is introduced, which in the presence of small addition of Bi and V promotes full transformation to scheelite-monoclinic and reduces charge trapping defects. As a result, the photocatalytic O2 evolution activity was increased by a remarkable 5 folds compared to the best performing untreated flame-made BiVO4.