The unrecognized side of bipolar disorder

摘要

Over a century ago, Emil Kraepelin divided "endogenous psychoses" into two separate disease categories-dementia praecox (schizophrenia) and manic-depressive illness (bipolar disorder and recurring unipolar disorder) (1). He described a clear difference in the course of these disorders: dementia praecox was chronic and deteriorating, whereas manic-depressive illness was episodic with a return to normal functioning between episodes.