Associations of wooded bogs (class vaccinietca uliginosi) on the north of european Russia

摘要

Problems of classification of sphagnum forest bog vegetation in the Russian North are considered. According to floristic classification applied here, all plant communities of this area are included into the class Vaccinietea uliginosi Tx. 55. The vegetation of this bogs have a marked difference from such vegetation in the North-West region. First of all, its composition was sufficiently different in floristic composition and in the composition of dominant species. The sphagnum spruce bogs are specific feature of North-East European Russia. In more western part they are rarities or absentees. Detailed description of five associations are presented in the paper. Of them the first three are included into alliance Ledo-Pinion, the rest ones in Betulion pubescentis. 1. Sphagno-Pinetum sylvestris. Its communities have a tree layer formed by Pinus sylvestris. The height of stands is 7-15 m, density of canopy -0.3-0.5. The diagnostic species are the species of the group Vaccinium myrtillus. 2. Betulo nanac-Piceetum obovatae. This association includes plant communities of oligotrophic sphagnum spruce bogs. The height of stands is 8-12 m, density of canopy -0.1-0.3. It is the most northern association of sphagnum spruce bogs and the most northern association Vaccinietea uliginosi on the whole, with the exception of associations whose communities lack tree layer. Its diagnostic species are the following: Picea obovata, Vaccinium myrtillus, Empetrum bermaphroditum, Rubus chamaemorus, Carex globularis, Sphagnum russowii, Pleurozium schreberi, Polytrichum commune, P.strictum. 3. Pino sylvestris - Sphagnetum angustifolii (Sphagnetum magno-pinosum). Its communities have the tree layer formed by Pinus sylvestris. The stands are very undersized-4-6 m in height, the density of canopy - 0.2. The diagnostic species of the association are those of Andromeda polifolia group. Another diagnostic character is the lack of species of the groups Menyanthes trifoliata and Vaccinium myrtillus. Association includes two subassociations, callunetosum and chamaedaph-netosum. 4. Pino-Betulo pubescentis - Sphagnetum angustifolii (Sphagnetum betulo-pinosum). The tree layer is similar to that in preceding association, but in her structure considerable role plays Betula pubescens. The diagnostic species are mesotrophic species of the group of Menyanthes trifoliata. Association includes three subassociations, eriophoreto-fruticuletosum, menyanthetosum, naumburgietosum. 5. Menyantho-Piceetum obovatae. Its communities have the tree layer formed by Picea obovata with the participation of Betula pubescens. The height of stands is 5-8 m, the density of canopy - 0.2-0.4. Diagnostic species: Picea obovata, Menyanthes trifoliata, Comarum palustre, Equisetum fluviatile, Calamagrostis canescens, Chamaedaphne calyculata, Oxycoccus palustris, Vaccinium uliginosum, Sphagnum angustifolium, S.centrale, S.warnstorfit.