Demographic Differences Between Funerary Caves and Megalithic Graves of Northern Spanish Late Neolithic/Early Chalcolithic

Fernandez-Crespo Teresa; de-la-Rua Concepcion

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Demographic Differences Between Funerary Caves and Megalithic Graves of Northern Spanish Late Neolithic/Early Chalcolithic

机译：西班牙北部晚期新石器时代/早期石器时代的丧葬洞穴和巨石坟墓之间的人口统计学差异

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摘要

Objectives: The study focuses on the estimation of demographic parameters of Late Neolithic/Early Chalcolithic (mid 4th-early 3rd millenniums cal. BC) burial sites from the La Rioja region (Ebro valley, northern Spain) to identify demographic characteristics,

机译：目的：这项研究着重于估计拉里奥哈地区（西班牙北部埃布罗河谷）晚新石器时代/早石器时代（公元前4世纪至3世纪初，公元前中期）的墓地的人口统计学参数，

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《American Journal of Physical Anthropology》 |2016年第2期|共14页
作者
Fernandez-Crespo Teresa; de-la-Rua Concepcion;
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正文语种 eng
中图分类人类学;
关键词
palaeodemography; mortuary variability; Late Neolithic/Early Chalcolithic; Ebro valley; north-central Iberia;

机译：古胚胎学;mort葬变异性;新石器时代晚期/早石器时代;埃布罗谷;中北部伊比利亚;
入库时间 2022-08-18 09:59:51

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1. Demographic Differences Between Funerary Caves and Megalithic Graves of Northern Spanish Late Neolithic/Early Chalcolithic [J] . Fernandez-Crespo Teresa, de-la-Rua Concepcion American Journal of Physical Anthropology . 2016,第2期

机译：西班牙北部晚期新石器时代/早期石器时代的丧葬洞穴和巨石坟墓之间的人口统计学差异
2. Territorial mobility and subsistence strategies during the Ebro Basin Late Neolithic-Chalcolithic: A multi-isotope approach from San Juan cave (Loarre, Spain) [J] . Villalba-Mouco Vanessa, Sauque Victor, Sarasketa-Gartzia Izaskun, Quaternary International . 2018,第JULa10期

机译：埃布罗盆地新石器时代-石器时代晚期的领土流动性和生存策略：从圣胡安洞（西班牙洛阿雷）出发的多同位素方法
3. Late Neolithic-Chalcolithic socio-economical dynamics in Northern Iberia. A multi-isotope study on diet and provenance from Santimamine and Pico Ramos archaeological sites (Basque Country, Spain) [J] . Sarasketa-Gartzia Izaskun, Villalba-Mouco Vanessa, le Roux Petrus, Quaternary International . 2018,第JULa10期

机译：伊比利亚北部新石器时代-石器时代晚期的社会经济动态。来自Santimamine和Pico Ramos考古遗址（西班牙巴斯克地区）饮食和物源的多同位素研究
4. Demographic Differences in Northern Gulf of Mexico Red Snapper Reproductive Maturation: Implications for the Unit Stock Hypothesis [C] . MELISSA W. JACKSON, JAMES H. COWAN, DAVID L. NIELAND Symposium Fisheries Ecology of Gulf of Mexico Red Snapper . 2007

机译：墨西哥北湾的人口差异红鲷生殖成熟：单位股票假设的影响
5. A Typology, Analysis, and Interpretation of Ground Stone Tools from ?atalh?yük West Mound: Food Processing and Craft Production Tools in the Late Neolithic to Early Chalcolithic of Central Anatolia [D] . Brady, Jacob H. 2020

机译：来自atalh的类型，分析和解释 - Atalh？Yük西部土墩：食品加工和工艺生产工具在新石器时代晚期到中央安纳托利亚的早期Chalcolic
6. A Community in Life and Death: The Late Neolithic Megalithic Tomb at Alto de Reinoso (Burgos, Spain) [O] . Kurt W. Alt, Stephanie Zesch, Rafael Garrido-Pena, 2011

机译：生与死的社区：奥拓·雷诺索（西班牙布尔戈斯）的新石器时代晚期巨石墓
7. : "This paper deals with the functionality of the flaked stone assemblages from several Neolithic sites of the NE of the Iberian Peninsula. The chronological framework ranges from the mid-6th to the mid-4th millennium cal. BCE, which corresponds to the Early and Middle Neolithic. This long period ranges from the arrival of the first farming communities in the Iberian Peninsula, around 5600-5500 cal. BCE, to 3600-3500 cal. BCE, two millennia later, when Neolithic communities had stably occupied most of the available territory, from the mountainous areas of the Pyrenees to the coastal areas of the Mediterranean.In this context, the NE of the Iberian Peninsula is one of the areas where a major number of use-wear analyses have been carried out, especially for what concerns the Neolithic period. This is mainly due to the interest shown by the directors of the excavations and by the Spanish use-wear specialists as well; both participated and cooperated in order to enlarge the number of contexts studied, making the NE of the Iberian Peninsula one of the areas of Europe with the largest number of ‘functional studies’. As a result, today we have a reliable picture of the type of lithic tools used by the first farming groups, how they were used, and which needs they were satisfying.The methodology employed for this type of analysis is today broadly shared by most use-wear specialists. A stereoscopic microscope is used together with a reflected-light microscope for the analysis of the archaeological specimens. Afterwards, the observed use-wear traces are compared with the traces from experimental tools. This study primarily made use of the tools preserved at the ‘Traceoteque’ of the Institución Milà y Fontanals of the CSIC of Barcelona.This paper presents the results obtained for the different types of analysed sites and the relative lithic assemblages. In this way, tools from different contexts are compared: open-air sites, caves and rock-shelters, pit-sites, burials, and mining sites. Such a diversity of contexts allowed for the exploration of the existence of recurrences and differences in the functionality of the lithic tools from one site to another. The results obtained have also provided information on some aspects related to the economic processes carried out at the different sites, caves, rock-shelters and open-air contexts. It has been possible to gain fresh data on the types of tasks carried out and their relative importance for each site, their relation with the geographical and environmental context and the natural resources available there. In addition, analysing tools recovered from burials – mainly individual inhumations – provided information on the relationships between the buried individuals and the working tools, in particular exploring the relationships between sex and age patterns and the types of tools deposited as goods.In conclusion, use-wear analysis allowed for the exploration of a variety of issues; from technical aspects related to the production and management of the lithic resources to social aspects related to the subsistence activities and the individuals that carried them out." [O] . Gibaja Bao, Juan Francisco, Mazzucco, Niccolo 2015

机译：：“本文研究了伊比利亚半岛东北部几个新石器时代遗址的片状石材组合的功能。时间框架从公元前6世纪中叶到4世纪中叶，分别对应于早期和早期。新石器时代中期，这段时间的长短是从伊比利亚半岛的第一个农业社区到来，大约在公元前5600-5500 cal，到了两千年后的3600-3500 BCE，当时新石器时代的社区稳定地占据了大部分可用土地。从比利牛斯山脉山区到地中海沿岸地区。在这种情况下，伊比利亚半岛东北部是进行过大量使用磨损分析的地区之一，尤其是在关注方面新石器时代，这主要是由于发掘负责人和西班牙使用服装专家表现出的浓厚兴趣；他们参与和合作以扩大孔蒂的数量xts进行了研究，使伊比利亚半岛的NE成为“功能研究”数量最多的欧洲地区之一。结果，今天我们可以可靠地了解第一批耕作小组使用的石器工具的类型，使用方法以及它们满足的需求。今天，大多数使用方法广泛共享用于这种类型的分析的方法穿专家。立体显微镜与反射光显微镜一起用于分析考古样本。然后，将观察到的使用磨损痕迹与实验工具的痕迹进行比较。这项研究主要利用了巴塞罗那CSIC的米拉·丰塔纳尔研究所的“ Traceoteque”中保存的工具。本文介绍了针对不同类型的分析地点和相对石器组合所获得的结果。通过这种方式，可以比较来自不同环境的工具：露天场所，洞穴和岩石避难所，露天场所，埋葬场所和采矿场所。如此多样的上下文允许探索重复性的存在以及从一个站点到另一个站点的石器工具的功能差异。所获得的结果还提供了与在不同地点，洞穴，避难所和露天环境中进行的经济过程有关的某些方面的信息。可以获得有关所执行任务的类型及其对每个站点的相对重要性，它们与地理和环境环境以及那里可用自然资源的关系的新数据。此外，对从墓葬中回收的工具（主要是个人遗体）进行分析，可提供有关被掩埋的个体与工作工具之间关系的信息，尤其是探索性别与年龄模式之间的关系以及作为商品存放的工具的类型。磨损分析允许探索各种问题；从与石器资源的生产和管理有关的技术方面到与自给活动及其实施者有关的社会方面。”

Demographic Differences Between Funerary Caves and Megalithic Graves of Northern Spanish Late Neolithic/Early Chalcolithic

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