Glenohumeral rotation deficits in high school, college, and professional baseball pitchers with and without a medial ulnar collateral ligament injury

摘要

Background: It is unclear how a glenohumeral internal rotation (IR) loss (GIRLoss), a glenohumeral external rotation (ER) gain (GERGain), or a total rotational motion (TRM) deficit (TRMD) predict medial ulnar collateral ligament (MUCL) injury risk among high school (HS), college (COLL). and professional (PRO) baseball pitchers with and without MUCL injury. We hypothesized that pitchers with MUCL injury would have more GIRLoss and TRMD compared with pitchers without MUCL injury, with no differences in IR, ER, TRM, GIRLoss, GERGain, and TRMD.