Intraosseous hydroxocobalamin versus intravenous hydroxocobalamin compared to intraosseous whole blood or no treatment for hemorrhagic shock in a swine model.

摘要

IO hydroxocobalamin improved SBP, MAP, compared to no treatment and was similar to IO whole blood and IV hydroxocobalamin in this animal model of severe hemorrhage. Moreover, whereas serum lactate was improving in all treated groups, it was deteriorating in the control group.