Fungicide resistance and genetic diversity of Botrytis cinerea isolates from a vineyard in Germany.

摘要

To evaluate the genetic diversity and the possibility of changes in the population of the grey mould fungus in a single vineyard, a total of 209 Botrytis cinerea isolates were collected from grapevine tissues in spring and autumn of 2004. The isolates revealed low frequencies of resistance against the fungicides fenhexamid (1.9%), fludioxonil (0%), carbendazim (3.4%), cyprodinil (3.8%) and tolylfluanid (0%). Two isolates belonged to the genetically isolated, fenhexamid-resistant B. cinerea group I. Two other isolates showed reduced sensitivities against all tested fungicides, indicating a multi-drug resistance mechanism. The majority of isolates (62.7%) harboured the transposable elements boty and flipper (transposa group), while smaller populations contained only boty (23.5%) or neither boty nor flipper (14.4%; vacuma group). Genotypic characterisation of the isolates with different molecular markers revealed a high degree of genetic diversity of the population, with most of the fungal isolates being different haplotypes. Spring and autumn populations were different, but did not show significant differences in their fungicide resistance patterns or in the distribution of transposa and vacuma isolates. Taken together, the study revealed a great diversity of genotypes in a chemically treated vineyard, but no evidence for large-scale fungicide resistance or seasonal changes in the grey mould population.