Items designated as fortified: Food and Nutrient Database for Dietary Studies (FNDDS), 2015-2016

摘要

The Food and Nutrient Database for Dietary Studies (FNDDS) is used to convert food and beverages consumed in What We Eat in America, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (WWEIA, NHANES) into gram amounts and determine their nutrient values. Items designated as fortified in FNDDS 2015-2016 indicate foods and beverages with one or more fortified nutrients. This manuscript describes the methodology used to identify items designated as fortified in FNDDS 2015-2016. For FNDDS 2015-2016, foods and beverages were designated as one of three fortification identifiers: unfortified, fortified, or containing fortified ingredients. "Fortified" nutrients were considered those nutrients, vitamins or minerals, added to the product, in amounts, which do not occur naturally. FNDDS 2015-2016 includes 8690 items including 7898 foods and 792 beverages. A greater proportion of the beverages (66%) compared to the foods (51%) had a fortified designation. Approximately half of all items were designated as fortified or containing fortified ingredients (16 and 37%, respectively). Of those items containing fortified ingredients, most include margarine, milk, or flour, and often in minor amounts. Items designated as fortified as a variable within FNDDS 2015-2016 are available for download on the FSRG website at http://www.ars.usda.gov/nea/bhnrc/fsrg.