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Is Oil Palm Expansion a Challenge to Agroecology? Smallholders Practising Industrial Farming in Mexico

机译:油掌扩张对农业生态的挑战吗? 实践工业种田的小农在墨西哥

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Agroecology has become a powerful alternative paradigm for rural development. In contrast to conventional approaches, this paradigm shifts the emphasis from technology and markets to local knowledge, social justice and food sovereignty, to overcome rural poverty and environmental degradation. However, the spread of this approach faces several obstacles. This paper deals with one of these obstacles: the preference' of smallholders for industrial farming. We specifically analyse the widespread uptake up of oil palm by smallholders in Chiapas. Contrary to agro-ecological assumptions, oil palm proved favourable to smallholders in Chiapas because of historical and contemporary state-peasant relations and the advantageous economic circumstances within the oil palm sector. Based on this research, we identify four challenges for agroecology: (i) the existence of contradictory interests within the peasantry as a result of social differentiation; (ii) the role of the state in making conventional development models relatively favourable to smallholders; (iii) the prevalence of modernization ideologies in many rural areas; and (iv) the need for this paradigm to acknowledge smallholders' agency also when engaged in industrial farming. These challenges need to be tackled for agroecology to offer viable alternatives in a context of agro-industrialization.
机译:农业生态学已成为农村发展的强大替代范式。与传统方法相比,该范式将重点从技术和市场转变为当地知识,社会正义和食品主权,以克服农村贫困和环境退化。然而,这种方法的传播面临着几个障碍。本文涉及其中一个障碍:工业养殖小农的偏好。我们专门分析了恰帕斯的小农的普遍存在的油棕。与农业生态假设相反,由于历史和当代的国家 - 农民关系和油掌部门内的有利的经济环境,石油棕榈掌握在恰帕斯的小农。根据这项研究,我们确定了农业学院的四个挑战:(i)由于社会分化而在农民内部存在矛盾利益; (ii)国家在使常规发展模型对小农相对有利的作用; (iii)许多农村地区现代化意识形态的普遍存在; (iv)在从事工业农业时,还需要这条范式承认小农代理机构。这些挑战需要解决农业学科,以提供农业工业化背景下的可行替代品。

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