Biomedical engineering,biotechnology,and life sciences in general have a very wide range of applications related to human health (such as the development and bio production of high-added value pharmaceuticals,or the monitoring and control of drug delivery in patients),as well as applications in the agro-food industry,the development of alternate energy resources,and the management of solid organic waste and wastewater. To better understand,analyze and optimize these complex systems,mathematical modeling and control (in a wide sense) play an ever increasing role. As a challenge to face,these systems are often difficult to describe mathematically due to the lack of a priori knowledge regarding the underlying biological,physiological,physical,chemical mechanisms,and the scarcity of informative measurement data. Once available,the mathematical models are usually nonlinear,nonautonomous and uncertain,making their analysis delicate and requiring the design of advanced robust state estimation,optimization,and control strategies.
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