The Natural Waters and Aqueous Solutions Express-Identification as Element of Determination of Possible Emergency Situation

摘要

The research paper contains the analysis of acts of natural and man-made emergency situations related to the deterioration of the water quality occurring in the world and in Ukraine. Significant losses of property and numerous human losses are known to be as a result of these situations. The main factors of the occurrence of the emergency situations are floods, accidents, mining and military actions. It is known that there is a lack of the express and reliable methods for identifying threats, detecting changes in the environment and timely preventing or liquidating the emergency situations. The method of the express analysis of aqueous solutions which involves measuring the conductivity of the investigated aqueous solutions and calculating the coefficient of identification is proposed. It is shown that the method is informative, simple, fast and environmentally safe. For example, at the Kupyansky landfill of solid waste in Kharkiv region (Ukraine) the electrical conductivity and coefficients of identification (K,J of water extracts of adjacent soils were experimentally obtained and investigated. It is established that they fluctuate in the range 90-1000 fiS (electrical conductivity) and 1-14 (K,J respectively, the maximum value of Srfor determining the electrical conductivity and calculating K,d does not exceed 4% for P = 0.95. This suggests that there is the heterogeneity of soil contamination in the researched positions and the diversity of the content of chemicals in them. As a danger factor,the soluble pollutants are supposed to be washed away from the landfill of waste materials. The possibility of using the natural waters and aqueous solutions express-identification methodfor determination of the emergency situations is shown.