Alternatives to antibiotics? Eubiotics, the microbiome and immunity

摘要

AMR - PROBLEMS AND CONSEQUENCESAntimicrobial resistance (AMR) is now a major global concern and has been identified as one of the most serious threats to the future maintenance of human and animal health. The World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) ,World Health Organization (WHO)and the EU Commission have become very vocal on this issue and have published numerous position papers and recommendations on this topic, with a view to avoiding and minimising this growing threat of AMR. The EU in its One Health Initiative and Horizon 2020 programmes has focused on the need to restrict and limit the therapeutic usage and the indiscriminate usage of antimicrobials in animals and they have emphasised the urgent need to develop alternatives to antibiotics in veterinary medicine and in animal husbandry. The EU has encouraged Member States to assist in the funding of companies and research institutions in finding ways to circumvent the use of antibiotics, through the research and development of viable non-antibiotic alternatives.