How penguins cope with cold and lack of food

摘要

In order to predict the impact of global change on birds, it is obviously essential to understand how they are able to adapt to climatic changes and to know the impact of these changes on their resources. In recent years, we have learnt much on this subject for Antarctic penguins, thanks to the development of a multidisciplinary approach. To first understand how penguins are able to cope with climatic conditions, it is very useful to address this question from an evolutionary perspective.