Scale Biology and Control Options

摘要

Insect pests and diseases are common problems on trees in the landscape. Thankfully, not all of them are life-threatening to trees. This article focuses on a group of insects called scales.Scales, as a group, are one of the most significant arthropods in terms of their detrimental impact on an extremely wide range of trees and shrubs dealt with in tree care as well as in the nursery and landscape industries. There are more than 8,000 described species in seven families. They were previously classified in the order Homoptera, but are now listed in the order Hemiptera, suborder Sternorrhyn-cha, and superfamily Coccoidae.