Overview of Drug Delivery Methods in Exotics, Including Their Anatomic and Physiologic Considerations

摘要

Drug delivery in exotic species comes with several challenges for the general practitioner. Knowledge of the basic anatomy and physiology of each treated species is essential to choosing the most appropriate route and technique for treatment delivery.Mastering the manual and chemical restraint techniques is also fundamental to be able to optimally apply these techniques with the least risk of (iatrogenic) complications. Finally, whenever treating an exotic species, practitioners are recommended to review the current literature so that this information can be included in their decision-making process and prioritize treatment options based on the availability of pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic, effectiveness, and safety studies in the species of interest.