Assessment of preload, remaining torque, and removal torque in abutment screws under different frictional conditions: A finite element analysis

摘要

Statement of problem. Contamination with salivary fluids or blood during the treatment process changes the preload, remaining torque, and removal torque of retained screws, which ultimately affects the resistance to screw loosening. In previous studies, no consensus has been reached as to whether contamination can be used as a lubricant.