35?years of photovoltaics: Analysis of the TISO‐10‐kW solar plant, lessons learnt in safety and performance—Part 1

Virtuani Alessandro; Caccivio Mauro; Annigoni Eleonora; Friesen Gabi; Chianese Domenico; Ballif Christophe; Sample Tony

摘要

Abstract > The TISO‐10‐kW solar plant, connected to the grid in 1982, is the oldest installation of this kind in Europe. Its history is well documented, and the full set of modules has been tested indoors at regular intervals over the years. After 35?years of operation, we observe an increase in the degradation rates and that the distributions of modules' performances are drastically changing compared with previous years. Two groups of modules can be observed: (a) group 1: 21.5% of the modules show a very modest degradation, described by a Gaussian distribution with mean yearly power degradation of only ?0.2%/y. (b) Group 2: 72.9% of the modules form a negatively skewed distribution with a long tail described by mode (?0.54%/y), median (?0.62%/y), and mean (?0.69%/y) values. In earlier years, decreases in performances could strongly be correlated to losses in fill factor (FF). After 35?years, the situation changes and, for a subset of modules, losses in the current (Isc) are superimposed to losses in FF. The reasons for this will become clearer in part 2, where we will present results of a detailed visual inspection on the whole set of modules and will focus on safety aspect too. We conclude that, after 35?years of operation in a temperate climate, approximately 60% (~70% if considering a ?±?3% measurement uncertainty) of the modules would still satisfy a warranty criteria that module manufacturers are presently considering to apply to the technology of tomorrow: 35?years of operation with a performance threshold set at 80% of the initial value. </abstract> </span> <span class="z_kbtn z_kbtnclass hoverxs" style="display: none;">展开▼</span> </div> <div class="translation abstracttxt"> <span class="zhankaihshouqi fivelineshidden" id="abstract"> <span>机译：</span><Abstract Type =“Main”XML：Lang =“en”> <标题类型=“main”>抽象</ title> > Tiso-10-kW太阳能电厂于1982年连接到网格，是欧洲最古老的安装。它的历史记录了很好的记录，多年来，整套模块经常在室内进行测试。 35岁以下的操作后，我们观察到退化率的增加，与前几年相比，模块的性能的分布急剧发生变化。可以观察到两组模块：（a）第1组：21.5％的模块显示出非常适度的降解，由高斯分布描述，仅为每年的功率降低Δ0.2％/ y。（b）第2组：72.9％的模块形成带有的长尾部（Δ0.54％/ y），中值（Δ0.62％/ y），平均值（Δ0.69％/ y）值，形成带负偏斜的分布。（？0.69％/ y）值。在早些时候，表演的减少可能与填充因子（FF）的损失密切相关。 35年后，情况发生变化，对于模块的子集，当前（ISC）的损失叠加到FF中的损失。第2部分的原因将变得更加清晰，在那里我们将在整套模块上呈现详细的视觉检查的结果，并将专注于安全方面。我们得出结论，在温带气候中35岁以下的时间后，大约60％（如果考虑，则为〜70％ a </ i> 模块的±3％测量不确定性仍然可以满足模块制造商目前考虑应用于明天的技术的保修标准：35？多年的操作，性能阈值设定为初始值的80％。 </ p> </摘要> </span> <span class="z_kbtn z_kbtnclass hoverxs" style="display: none;">展开▼</span> </div> </div> <div class="record"> <h2 class="all_title" id="enpatent33" >著录项</h2> <ul> <li> <span class="lefttit">来源</span> <div style="width: 86%;vertical-align: text-top;display: inline-block;"> <a href='/journal-foreign-29870/'>《Progress in photovoltaics》</a> <b style="margin: 0 2px;">|</b><span>2019年第4期</span><b style="margin: 0 2px;">|</b><span>共12页</span> </div> </li> <li> <div class="author"> <span class="lefttit">作者</span> <p id="fAuthorthree" class="threelineshidden zhankaihshouqi"> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Virtuani Alessandro&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">Virtuani Alessandro;</a> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Caccivio Mauro&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">Caccivio Mauro;</a> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Annigoni Eleonora&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">Annigoni Eleonora;</a> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Friesen Gabi&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">Friesen Gabi;</a> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Chianese Domenico&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">Chianese Domenico;</a> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Ballif Christophe&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">Ballif Christophe;</a> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Sample Tony&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">Sample Tony;</a> </p> <span class="z_kbtnclass z_kbtnclassall hoverxs" id="zkzz" style="display: none;">展开▼</span> </div> </li> <li> <div style="display: flex;"> <span class="lefttit">作者单位</span> <div style="position: relative;margin-left: 3px;max-width: 639px;"> <div class="threelineshidden zhankaihshouqi" id="fOrgthree"> <p>école Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) Photovoltaics and Thin Film Electronics Laboratory (PV‐LAB)Institute of Microengineering (IMT)Neuchatel Switzerland;</p> <p>SUPSIInstitute for Applied Sustainability to the Built EnvironmentLugano Switzerland;</p> <p>école Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) Photovoltaics and Thin Film Electronics Laboratory (PV‐LAB)Institute of Microengineering (IMT)Neuchatel Switzerland;</p> <p>SUPSIInstitute for Applied Sustainability to the Built EnvironmentLugano Switzerland;</p> <p>SUPSIInstitute for Applied Sustainability to the Built EnvironmentLugano Switzerland;</p> <p>école Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) Photovoltaics and Thin Film Electronics Laboratory (PV‐LAB)Institute of Microengineering (IMT)Neuchatel Switzerland;</p> <p>Joint Research Centre (JRC) European Solar Test Installation (ESTI)European CommissionIspra Italy;</p> </div> <span class="z_kbtnclass z_kbtnclassall hoverxs" id="zhdw" style="display: none;">展开▼</span> </div> </div> </li> <li > <span class="lefttit">收录信息</span> <span style="width: 86%;vertical-align: text-top;display: inline-block;"></span> </li> <li> <span class="lefttit">原文格式</span> <span>PDF</span> </li> <li> <span class="lefttit">正文语种</span> <span>eng</span> </li> <li> <span class="lefttit">中图分类</span> <span><a href="https://www.zhangqiaokeyan.com/clc/7667.html" title="通信系统（传输系统）">通信系统（传输系统）;</a><a href="https://www.zhangqiaokeyan.com/clc/1790.html" title="光电子技术、激光技术">光电子技术、激光技术;</a></span> </li> <li class="antistop"> <span class="lefttit">关键词</span> <p style="width: 86%;vertical-align: text-top;"> <a style="color: #3E7FEB;" href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=crystalline silicon&option=203" rel="nofollow">crystalline silicon;</a> <a style="color: #3E7FEB;" href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=durability&option=203" rel="nofollow">durability;</a> <a style="color: #3E7FEB;" href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=long‐term performance&option=203" rel="nofollow">long‐term performance;</a> <a style="color: #3E7FEB;" href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=reliability&option=203" rel="nofollow">reliability;</a> <a style="color: #3E7FEB;" href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=solar modules&option=203" rel="nofollow">solar modules;</a> <a style="color: #3E7FEB;" href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=wear‐out mechanisms&option=203" rel="nofollow">wear‐out mechanisms;</a> </p> <div class="translation"> 机译：晶体硅;耐用性;长期性能;可靠性;太阳能模块;磨损机制; </div> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="literature cardcommon"> <div class="similarity "> <h3 class="all_title" id="enpatent66">相似文献</h3> <div class="similaritytab clearfix"> <ul> <li class="active" 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break-all;white-space: initial;text-overflow: initial;overflow: initial;"> <span>机译：对于带有内部包层THICK STEEL 08X18H10T 7±2的钢级（+ 10GN2MFA 08X18H10T）的核电站，生产尺寸为VN.279×36（351×36）和VN.346×40（426×40）mm的双金属管的方法毫米 </span> </p> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="theme cardcommon" style="overflow: auto;display:none"> <h3 class="all_title" id="enpatent55">相关主题</h3> <ul id="subject"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="right rightcon"> <div class="details_img cardcommon clearfix" style="margin-bottom: 10px;display:none;" > </div> </div> </div> <div id="thesis_get_original1" class="downloadBth" style="bottom: 19px;z-index: 999;" onclick="ywcd('0704024604895','4',7,2,1,'',this,24)" class="delivery" prompt="010401" title="通过人工服务将文献原文发送至邮箱" >获取原文</div> <div class="journalsub-pop-up" style="display: none"> <div class="journal-sub"> <h2>期刊订阅</h2> <img src="https://cdn.zhangqiaokeyan.com/img/loginclose.png" alt="关闭" onclick="$('.journalsub-pop-up').hide()"> <p 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