Market for Amazonian Acai (Euterpe oleraceae) Stimulates Pulp Production from Atlantic Forest Jucara Berries (Euterpe edulis)

摘要

Palm heart from jucara palm (Euterpe edulisj has been one of the most important non-timber forest products (NTFPs) from the Brazilian Atlantic forest since 1960s, but overharvesting, among other factors, drove the species near to extinction. However,the recent conversion from extraction of hearts of palm to berries harvesting for pulp production, a nondestructive use, had a remarkable effect on species conservation and its potential for cash provision and forest landscape restoration. Pulp production from E. edulis in the Atlantic Forest is strongly benefiting from the traditional and expanding market of acai pulp produced from Euterpe oleraceae in the Amazon Basin. In this article, we assess the current status of this new NTFP from E. edulis in the State of Santa Catarina, tracing a parallel with the agaiproduction chain in the Amazon. In addition to a literature review, we surveyed the production chain and interviewed key stakeholders. Production of jugara pulp soared from 5 tons in 2010 to 97.76 tons in 2011, but production is clearly far from fulfilling the fast growing demand. With 115 fruit collectors, management in backyard agroforestryrepresents 80% of production, with the secondary forests providing the remainder. Two types of producers in Santa Catarina —industrial and family farmers—are distinguished by their form of processing, production scale and sales. Familiarity of farmerswith jugara palm as well as the better infrastructure of the region compared to the Amazon gives jugara pulp good condition for the development of the production chain. Nonetheless, it is clearly important to define strategies under public and private policies for research, development, and dissemination of sustainable production models, based on the ecology of the species, landscape structure, and sociocultural values.