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Smartphones and Close Relationships: The Case for an Evolutionary Mismatch

机译:智能手机和密切关系:进化不匹配的情况

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This article introduces and outlines the case for an evolutionary mismatch between smartphones and the social behaviors that help form and maintain close social relationships. As psychological adaptations that enhance human survival and inclusive fitness, self-disclosure and responsiveness evolved in the context of small kin networks to facilitate social bonds, promote trust, and enhance cooperation. These adaptations are central to the development of attachment bonds, and attachment theory is a middle-level evolutionary theory that provides a robust account of the ways human bonding provides for reproductive and inclusive fitness. Evolutionary mismatches operate when modern contexts cue ancestral adaptations in a manner that does not provide for their adaptive benefits. We argue that smartphones and their affordances, although highly beneficial in many circumstances, cue humans' evolved needs for self-disclosure and responsiveness across broad virtual networks and, in turn, have the potential to undermine immediate interpersonal interactions. We review emerging evidence on the topic of technoference, which is defined as the ways in which smartphone use may interfere with or intrude into everyday social interactions. The article concludes with an empirical agenda for advancing the integrative study of smartphones, intimacy processes, and close relationships.
机译:本文介绍并概述了智能手机与社会行为之间的进化不匹配的情况,帮助形成和保持密切的社会关系。随着在小学网络的背景下提高人类生存和包容性健身,自披露和反应的自我披露和响应能力,促进社会债券,促进信任,加强合作的心理适应。这些改编是连接债券的发展的核心,附着理论是一种中级进化理论,提供了人类粘接提供生殖和包容性健身的方式的强大账户。当现代背景下的祖先适应时,进化错配通过不提供自适应益处的方式。我们认为智能手机和他们的承受者虽然在许多情况下高度有益,但是,智慧人类在广泛的虚拟网络上的自披露和响应能力的进化需求,并且反过来有可能破坏立即的人际关系相互作用。我们审查了关于Technoference主题的新出现证据,被定义为智能手机使用可能会干扰或侵入日常社交互动的方式。本文缔结了一个实证议程,用于推进智能手机,亲密过程和密切关系的综合研究。

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