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Cumulative Disadvantage: A Psychological Framework for Understanding How Innocence Can Lead to Confession, Wrongful Conviction, and Beyond

机译:累积缺点:理解心理框架,了解如何令人难以置的忏悔,错误的信念和超越

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摘要

False confessions are a contributing factor in almost 30% of DNA exonerations in the United States. Similar problems have been documented all over the world. We present a novel framework to highlight the processes through which innocent people, once misidentified as suspects, experience cumulative disadvantages that culminate in pernicious consequences. The cumulative-disadvantage framework details how the innocent suspect's naivete and the interrogator's presumption of guilt trigger a process that can lead to false confession, the aftereffects of which spread to corrupt evidence gathering, bias forensic analysis, and virtually ensure wrongful convictions at trial or through pressured false guilty pleas. The framework integrates nascent research underscoring the enduring effects of the accumulated disadvantages postconviction and even after exoneration. We synthesize findings from psychological science, corroborating naturalistic evidence, and relevant legal precedents to explain how an innocent suspect's disadvantages can accumulate through the actions of law enforcement, forensic examiners, prosecutors, defense attorneys, judges, juries, and appeals courts. We conclude with prescribed research directions that can lead to empirically driven reforms to address the gestalt of the multistage process.
机译:错误的忏悔是美国近30%的DNA外出的贡献因素。在世界各地都有类似的问题。我们提出了一份小说框架,以突出无辜人民曾经被误认为是嫌疑人的过程,经历累积缺点,这些缺点是在可怕的后果中达到巨大的缺点。累积缺点框架细节细节无辜的嫌疑人的恶作剧和询问者的内疚假设引发了可能导致虚假忏悔的过程,其后果蔓延到腐败的证据,偏见法证分析,几乎确保在审判或通过不法证明错误压迫虚假的请求。该框架整合了新生的研究,强调了累积缺点的持久影响且甚至在Exoneration之后。我们从心理科学,证实自然主义证据和相关法律先例的综合,以解释无辜的嫌疑人的缺点如何通过执法,法医审查员,检察官,国防律师,法官,陪审团和上诉法院的行动积累。我们结束了规定的研究方向,可以导致经验驱动的改革来解决多级过程的格式塔。

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