Stabilization of heavy metal contaminated marine sediments with red mud and apatite composite

摘要

Chemical stabilization (or immobilization) is an in situ remediation method that uses amendments to reduce heavy metals availability in contaminated sediments. In this study, stabilization of heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Zn, and Ni) in contaminated marine sediment was conducted using three amendments (i.e., red mud, apatite, and a red mud/apatite composite) made up of industrial by-product and natural mineral.